柱塞泵一般分為單柱塞泵、臥式柱塞泵、軸向柱塞泵和徑向柱塞泵。
單柱塞泵
結構組成主要有偏心輪、柱塞、彈簧、缸體、兩個單向閥。柱塞與缸體孔之間形成密閉容積。偏心輪旋轉一轉，柱塞上下往復運動一次，向下運動吸油，向上運動排油。泵每轉一轉排出的油液體積稱為排量，排量只與泵的結構參數有關。
臥式柱塞泵
臥式柱塞泵是由幾個柱塞（一般為3個或6個）併列安裝，用1根曲軸通過連杆滑塊或由偏心軸直接推動柱塞做往復運動，實現吸、排液體的液壓泵。它們也都採用閥式配流裝置，而且大多為定量泵。煤礦液壓支架系統中的乳化液泵一般都是臥式柱塞泵。
乳化液泵用於采煤工作面，為液壓支架提供乳化液，工作原理靠曲軸的旋轉帶動活塞做往復運動，實現吸液和排液。
軸向式
軸向柱塞泵（英文名：Piston pump）是活塞或柱塞的往復運動方向與缸體中心軸平行的柱塞泵。軸向柱塞泵利用與傳動軸平行的柱塞在柱塞孔內往復運動所產生的容積變化來進行工作的。由於柱塞和柱塞孔都是圓形零件，加工時可以達到很高的精度配合，因此容積效率高
直軸斜盤式
直軸斜盤式柱塞泵分為壓力供油型和自吸油型兩種。壓力供油型液壓泵大都是採用有氣壓的油箱，靠氣壓供油的液壓油箱，在每次啟動機器之後，必須等液壓漬箱達到使用氣壓后，才能操作機械。如液壓油箱的氣壓不足時就啟動機器，會對液壓泵內的與滑靴造成拉脫現象，出會造成泵體內回程板與壓板的非正常磨損。
徑向式
徑向柱塞泵可分為閥配流與軸配流兩大類。閥配流徑向柱塞泵存在故障率高、效率
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